Bio- or Eco- composites

Flexural properties

Tensile properties

Charpy impact strength

Laminate description

Fibre volume fraction (%)

Modulus
(GN m^-2)

Flexural strength (MN m^-2)

Young’s modulus
(GN m^-2)

Tensile strength
(MN m^-2)

Un-notched
(kJ m^-2)

Reinforcement: flax fibre plain weave.
Matrix: unsaturated polyester
Process: vacuum infusion

36

7.9

148

11

135

41

Reinforcement: flax fibre plain weave.
Matrix: unsaturated polyester
Process: resin transfer moulded

36

6.9

134

13

127

36

Reinforcement: hemp fibre herringbone weave.
Matrix: unsaturated polyester
Process: vacuum infusion

42

6.5

113

-

-

47

Reinforcement: flax uni-directional
Matrix: unsaturated polyester
Process: closed mould

57

20

203

29

340

87

Reinforcement: hemp, non-woven
Matrix: unsaturated polyester
Process: vacuum infusion

31

-

-

8.6

54.1

16.4

Reinforcement: hemp, non-woven
Matrix: unsaturated polyester
Process: vacuum infusion

44

-

-

10.4

84.7

27.0

Reinforcement: glass fibre chopped strand mat
Matrix: unsaturated polyester
Process: hand lay-up

20

-

-

7.95

73.4

75.9

Reinforcement: NONE
Matrix: unsaturated polyester
Process: cast

0

-

-

3.8

49.1

8.8